Paper Chromatography
Definition:
Paper Chromatography is one of the simplest methods of
chromatography to separate the component of the mixture by using the paper as a
stationary phase.
Basic chromatography:
Paper chromatography has two phases one mobile phase and the
stationary phase. The mixture analyte travel along with the mobile phase Paper
chromatography is a type of planer chromatography.
Different grade of the filter paper is used as the stationary
phase as per the requirement and the polar or the nonpolar solvent or the mixture of the solvent is used as the Mobile phase.
Principle of Paper
Chromatography:
Paper chromatography follows the adsorption or the partition
chromatography. It follows the same principle as the Thin Layer Chromatography.
Types of Paper chromatography:
In Ascending Paper chromatography mobile phase (solvent) move
towards the upper side by the capillary movement.
In descending paper chromatography mobile phase travel to the
downside by the gravitational force. The tank is a requiem to the storage of the mobile
phase.
Ascending Descending
Chromatography:
Ascending and descending paper chromatography is a combination of the technique Ascending and, descending chromatography. In which Paper is placed
in such way one side, it performed as ascending chromatography while in the second
side it act as descending chromatography
Circular or radial
paper chromatography
In radial chromatography, the sample is placed at the center and
mobile phase travel from the center of the circular paper.
Paper chromatography Method
(Procedure):
To perform paper chromatography following are the
requirement.
Paper as stationary Phase
Suitable solvent or Mixture of solvent as Mobile phase
Chamber or Beaker with the lid to develop the Paper
chromatography
The strip of the paper with Proper dimensions used as the stationary phase. Using the syringe or glass capillary spotting of the mixture
of the analyte is a place on the paper at the marked place.
The strip of the paper immersed into the mobile phase
(Solvent) into the beaker or Chamber. The spot of the mixture of analyte should
not be immersed in the Mobile Phase. The spot with a mixture of analyte travel
through the mobile phase and separation of the analyte is observed on the paper
in the form of spots after drying. For drying ovens are used at a specified temperature and time.
Reagent in case visual inspection of the spot is not possible (To
visualize the spot)
Applications of Paper chromatography:
Generally used for the Qualitative
analysis.
Plant Used for separation of pigment of
the plant
In the Pharmaceutical industry
identification and the purification of the analyte from the mixture of the APIs
or from the formulation and the impurities,
In Cosmetic industry same to Identify
the API into the product,
Advantage of Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography is an Inexpensive
method.
An easy method to separate out the
compound and the identification of the analyte from the mixture.
Retention Factor:
The retention factor (Rƒ)
is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance
traveled by the solvent.
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