Showing posts with label HVAC System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HVAC System. Show all posts

Clean room classification (ISO 14644-1 Cleanroom Standards)

Clean room and the classification of clean room are the most critical topic of the pharmaceutical industry. For the manufacturing of the pharmaceuticals products (Active pharmaceutical ingredients, Tablets, capsules, sterile dosage form) cleanroom room area is required .According to the types of the product manufacturer has to maintain the clean room area.

What is clean room Area?

Cleanroom is the controlled area where the specified size of the airborne particles are allowed with required pressure humidity and temperature to prevent the cross contamination and the microbial contamination.

Here, we are talking about the control environment control means prevention of dust, prevention of the entry of larger particle, (Only specified particle sized entry is possible into the clean room. The size of the particle is mentioned in the guideline). There are the different guidelines available which explains about the requirement for the clean room area in pharmaceutical industry.

Guideline for the Clean Room Classification:

There are so many guidelines which explain the cleanroom classification. Now a day the other guidelines are obsoleted.  ISO 14644 is the guideline which is the standard guideline followed for the clean room classification and qualification

ISO 14644 is a guideline which defines the cleanroom classification. According to the 14664 guideline cleanroom can be classified into following classes. As per the ISO guideline the clean rooms are classified as ISO 1 to ISO 9 class.

Generally form ISO 5 area to ISO 9 is used in pharmaceutical industry. Example: For the manufacturing of the sterile product ISO 5 area is required.

Particle size range 0.3 µ, 0.5 µ, 1.0 µ, 3.0 µ, 5.0 µ, 10.0 µ. Reading shall be taken for 0.5 V µ and 5.0 V µ particle size.

US Federal Standard   FED STD 209E guideline was used for the classification of the clean room according to the FED STD 209 clean room are classified as class 1, class 10, class 100, class 1000.class 10000 class 100000 which equivalent to the class following ISO class Comparison is mentioned in below table

Currently ED STD 209 E guide line is not used as FED released the notation of cancellation and superseded for ED STD 209 E, airborne particulate cleanliness classes in cleanroom and cleans zones in 2001.The guideline was superseded by standard written for the International organization for the standardization.

British standard BS 5295 guideline was used for the clean room classification According to the guideline clean room classified as the class1, class 2, class 3, and class 4. BS 5295 is British guideline which has been also obsoleted and withdraws from the year 2007 and replaced with ISO 14644-6:2007.

Class

maximum particles/m3

FED STD 209E
equivalent

>=0.1 µm

>=0.2 µm

>=0.3 µm

>=0.5 µm

>=1 µm

>=5 µm

ISO 1

10

2

 

 

 

 

ISO 2

100

24

10

4

 

 

 

ISO 3

1,000

237

102

35

8

 

Class 1

ISO 4

10,000

2,370

1,020

352

83

 

Class 10

ISO 5

100,000

23,700

10,200

3,520

832

29

Class 100

ISO 6

1,000,000

237,000

102,000

35,200

8,320

293

Class 1,000

ISO 7

 

 

 

352,000

83,200

2,930

Class 10,000

ISO 8

 

 

 

3,520,000

832,000

29,300

Class 100,000

ISO 9

 

 

 

35,200,000

8,320,000

293,000

Room Air


BS 5295 Cleanroom Standards

 

maximum particles/m3

Class

>=0.5 µm

>=1 µm

>=5 µm

>=10 µm

>=25 µm

Class 1

3,000

 

0

0

0

Class 2

300,000

 

2,000

30

 

Class 3

 

1,000,000

20,000

4,000

300

Class 4

 

 

20,000

40,000

4,000


Requirement of the Clean room in to the pharmaceutical industry:

Cleanroom classification is required in pharmaceutical industry to prevent the microbial contamination in to the manufacturing area.

In pharmaceutical Industry airborne particle may adversely affect the product quality hence to control the airborne particle into the manufacturing area. In Cleanroom area only specified airborne particle is allowed.

Prevent the dust particle entry into the manufacturing area.  

Prevent the microbial contamination in the product.

Related Post:

Pass Box in pharmaceutical Industry

Difference between dynamic Pass box and Static pass box  


Difference between Classified and Unclassified area:

Classified and unclassified clean area is two terms used in pharmaceutical area to define the condition of environment in production.
The main difference between classified and non classified clean area is particle size of the air in classified area supplied air is with specified particle size and in non classified area the particle size of the air is not maintained.
Following the difference between classified clean area and un classified clean area:
Un Classified clean Area
Classified clean Area
In prevent the contamination of dust, and other contamination from outer environment. Temperature and humidity are maintained in this area.
It prevent the contamination and cross contamination of the product and also provide the air with required particle size
In unclassified area supplied air are  
not with specified particle size.
In Classified area air supplied are with specified particle size as per the requirement.
Used in manufacturing of formulation product , sterile product ,APIs etc.
                     In manufacturing of food product, and  outer area (lobby , passage etc) in pharmaceutical industry.

Pass Box in Pharmaceutical Industry


Pass box is tool used in the pharmaceutical industry as part of the clean room system .Pass box is used to transfer the material between two areas generally between the clean room area with same classified area or the controlled area and an the unclassified area.  There are two types of pass box used in the pharmaceutical industry
Purpose of the pass box:

-To prevent the contamination and cross-contamination of the material

- To maintain the cleanliness and requirement of the clean area for the manufacturing activity and testing

-To prevent the microbial contamination of the product and the also environment where manufacturing activities are going on.


Two types of the pass box are used in Industry :

Static pass box and

Dynamic pass Box 


Instrumentation of Pass Box:

Pass box is made of stainless steel S 316 or S304  and mounted in a wall.

The standard size of the pass box is 60 cm X 60 cm x 60 cm Although it may different  size as per the requirement

UV light is also available to prevent the microbial contamination of the product or tool.

Due to which pressure losses and bacterial contamination doesn't take place when material is transferred

Pass box has an interlocking system due to the interlock system two doors can not open at the same time. Only one door is open at once. 


In advance, the pass box buzzer system is also available. If the door is open more then buzzer system will be activated 

Diagram of PassBox



Application of Pass Box

-APIs manufacturing industry
-Formulation Industry
-Food Manufacturing Industry
-Medical device Industry
-Sterile Industry
-Biotechnology, Microbiology Lab
-Biomedical industry
-Biotechnology
-Blood bank
-Hospital

Difference between Static Pass box and Dynamic Pass Box


Pass box is the part of the clean room which is used to transfer the material from controlled area to uncontrolled area or vice versa or also used to transfer the material with same. classified area. Two difference types of pass box are used in Pharmaceuticals industry Static pass Box and the Dynamic pass Box.
The purpose of the pass box is to prevent the contamination while transfers the material and prevent microbial contamination.
Following the difference between Static Pass box and Dynamic Pass Box.


Static Pass box
Dynamic Pass box
Static pass box is used to transfer the material to two clean room which have equally classified
Dynamic pass box is used to transfer the material form controlled area to uncontrolled area.
Classified area is not maintained.
Classified area is maintained.
It is also known as passive pass box
Class 100 area is preferred for the pass box.
There is no requirement of HEPA filter and Pre filter and air blower
Pre filter , blower and HEPA filters are installed to supply specified particulate air.
Static pass box does not have an interlock system. Because of interlock system both door cannot open at the same time
Dynamic pass box have an interlock system as the flow of air is between two different classified area

Air-flow Pattern (Air distribution) in HVAC system

Clean rooms are also categorized by the way supply air is distributed. There are generally two air supply configurations used in clean room design:
 1) Non-unidirectional and
 2) Unidirectional.
A rectified airflow over the entire cross-sectional area of a clean zone with
a steady velocity and approximately parallel streamlines.

Unidirectional Airflow:
Control air flow through the entire cross-section of a clean zone with steady velocity and approximately parallel streamline.
 


Non unidirectional flow:

Type of HVAC according to air delivery (Circulation)

There are two basic concepts of air delivery to pharmaceutical Recirculation system and full fresh air system.
The objective of the HVAC system is providing the controlled environment providing the defined particulate air.
Depend on the delivery of the air in HVAC system:
1.      Recirculation of the Air
2.      Provide the Fresh Air

Recirculation system:
In the recirculation system, air is some portion of the re-circulated into the HVAC system and some proportion of air is fresh this type of circulation is Re-circulation system.
This system is used only when there is no risk of contamination from the air into the product.

Fresh Air circulation:
100% air is exhausted and fresh air is circulated in HVAC  system.
Where toxic product where toxic and hazardous products are manufactured fresh air circulation HVAC system is preferred.
But id expensive, it needs the dust collector types of system for the exhausted system.

Components of HVAC system

HVAC system is unit which provide the control environment to the Manufacturing area.
Following are the component of the HVAC system
Air handling unit
Blower/Fan
Filter
Cooling coil  and Heating coil
Inlet vent
Boiler chillers
Humidifier
Heat exchanger
Compressor